- Read the text below and find out
- I. Dont look back at the text and say whether the following statements are true or false. If false, say why.
- II. Answer the following questions
- V. Give a summary of the text.
- Speaking Useful Words and Expressions
- SOCIAL ENGLISH Invitations Dialogue
- Accepting Invitations
- Гагіна Н.В., Колейчик О.О., Пермінова В.А., Сікалюк А.І., Смущенко І.А., Шендерук О.Б. Англійська мова
Unit 1 hello! Focus on Use of English Grammar
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Reading VOCABULARY: 1. at the turn of - наприкінці сторіччя 2. major - головний 3. to celebrate - святкувати 4. advance - успіх, ріст, підвищення 5. inevitable - неминучий 6. scholar - вчений 7. to accomplish - досягти, доводити до кінця, завершувати 8. remarkable - вражаючий 9. to foresee - передбачати 10. to tackle - опановувати 11. poverty - бідність 12. city dwellers - мешканці міста 13. proceeding - наукова праця 14. frontier - грань, рубіж 15. to review - робити огляд, рецензувати 16. tentative forecasts - експериментальні прогнози 17. scenario(s) - сценарій 18. to evolve - розвиватися 19. to sketch - зображувати в загальних рисах 20. to be embedded - бути закладеним 21. to adjust oneself - звикати, пристосовуватись 22. environment - довкілля 23. boundary - межа 24. to fade - поступово зникати 25. rigid ideology - стійка ідеологія 26. to weaken - становитися слабким 27. to convert - трансформуватися 28. human lifespan - людські ресурси 29. to lengthen - подовжуватися, збільшуватись 30. health maintenance - збереження здоров’я 31. psychological maturity - психологічна зрілість 32. identity - ідентичність, однаковість 33. to resemble - походити, бути схожим 34. disparities of wealth - нерівність багатства 35. consumerism - стимулювання (захист) інтересів споживачів 36. to spread via movies - розповсюджувати за допомогою фільмів 37. benefit - зиск, користь 38. to afford - дозволяти собі що-небудь 39. power blocks - силові блоки 40. to be obsessed - бути одержимим 41. to be humiliated - бути приниженим 42. to retain - підтримувати, зберігати 43. seemingly irresolvable dispute - на вигляд дискусія, що не може бути вирішена 44. refugees - емігранти, біженці 45. decisive role - вирішальна, очевидна роль 46. crucial force - вирішальна сила 47. to reshape the future - надавати нову форму майбутньому Read the text below and find out: 1) why people in the past seemed very much the same; 2) why people have had to change their own self; 3) which predictions were made about the way our world and the self will evolve in the future. At the turn of the last century, major cities in Europe and the United States organized a number of large exhibitions and conferences to celebrate the advance of knowledge and the inevitable march of progress. Hundreds of scholars spoke not only about what their field had accomplished but what they most likely would turn to in the new century. Remarkable, many foresaw the future in the subjects they tackled, for example, the poverty of city dwellers, information technologies and other things. So what would happen if such a conference were held today and what would its proceedings show about the current and the future state of culture and society? An answer came in the form of "Frontiers of the Mind in the 21st century", a symposium on the state of knowledge in our time hosted by the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. held at the end of 1999. There some fifty scholars reviewed developments and made tentative forecasts in 24 broad areas of knowledge ranging from cosmology, physics and genetics, music, moral philosophy, psychology and city planning. A few scenarios on a possible way that the world and the self might evolve in the not so distant future were sketched. It was suggested that most people in the past were probably not individual themselves in the modern western sense. They did not think of themselves as unique but rather as more or less identical to others of their kind, as they were embedded in their ecosystems. Nowadays people have to adjust themselves to complex changes in their environment. So they find it necessary to change radically in the cause of their lives, although their efforts are often stressful and unsuccessful. They will probably live in a different society. Human rights advocates now propose that people should have the same freedom of movement internationally as that they have in their own countries. Boundaries of class and caste that shaped most so cities continue to fade in the global civilization. Rigid ideologies are weakening. Major organized religions still exist but people everywhere feel they are free to convert to other religions. Active human lifespan have been lengthened through various advances in health maintenance and this allows more people reach higher level of psychological maturity. Many people have many social roles none of which depends too much on who and what they are. The postmodern self is becoming changeable. He lives in a world in which a different sense of identity has become an important part of our personal, political, social, economic and spiritual lives. This particular future would probably be the most far changing and rapidly evolving one. Another possible type of social community is viewed as a combination of economic growth, technological progress but little psychological progress. It resembles the world we are living in now with its disparities of wealth, opportunities and a global tension. Economic globalization proceeds rapidly. Consumerism and other forms of popular culture are spreading via movies, television, music and other forms of mass entertainment. Thanks to technological progress many people live longer and experience less diseases. But these benefits are often expensive and available to those who can afford them. The world is no longer divided between two great power blocks and two ideologies as in the mid 20th century. It is a world of postmodern people happily doing their things. There are people who are obsessed with progress and those who are being humiliated and getting angry. Fundamentalists and other groups prefer to retain their traditions, language, rituals and power structures. Religious groups and women's organizations are involved in the huge and seemingly irresolvable dispute. People move by the millions — sometimes because of ecological and political chaos. These migrants often become home fewer refugees. Two other possible futures were also mentioned. Every society large and small has had its concept of the self. But one can't deny that in all of them it has played a decisive role and that the human factor is a crucial force in reshaping the future. But what particular form the evolution of society and the changing of the self would take is still to be seen. I. Don't look back at the text and say whether the following statements are true or false. If false, say why. 1. At the end of the 19th century scholars in different countries tried to outline the main achievement of the century and forecast the future. 2. The scientists foresaw some remarkable changes in city life, information technologies and other things. 3. At the turn of the 20th century scientists sketched out some scenarios on different possible ways to improve the world and the self. 4. Nowadays people have to be different from those in the past because life has become more sophisticated. 5. Some people claim that in the future there will probably be no boundaries between countries, classes and castes. 6. Since major organized religions still exist, people can't convert to other religions nowadays. 7. By the end of this century people have prolonged their active lifespan and become more developed in their personality and emotional behavior due to advances in health maintenance. 8. According to one of the scenarios people will have a sense of their own identity that will allow them not be restricted or limited, people will live longer and feel better and they will be psychologically mature. 9. Nowadays people live happily because the world is no longer divided between the two great power blocks. 10. According to the other scenario the future world will be more economically and technologically developed but this technological progress won't make everybody happy: some people will feel vulnerable. 11. In any possible type of society the main factor in reshaping the future is your own self. II. Answer the following questions: 1. In what way did major cities in Europe and the United States celebrate the advance of knowledge at the turn of the last century? 2. What problems did scholars discuss at the conferences? Did they try to look into the future? What was their forecast concerning the subjects they tackled? 3. What issues were on the agenda of the symposium "Frontiers of the Mind in the 21st century"? 4. According to one of a few scenarios sketched at the symposium people in the not distant future will live in a different society. What changes in their environment will they have to adjust themselves to? 5. What kinds of world will the postmodern self live in? What this particular future be probably like? 6. In what way is another possible type of social community viewed? 7. What makes it similar to the world we are living now? 8. In what way is it different? 9. What is a crucial force in reshaping the future? 10. Can we say with confidence which form the evolution of society and the changing of the self would take? III. Find in the text English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences. Становитися слабким, збереження здоров’я, розвиватися, опановувати, успіх, трансформуватися, ідентичність, вирішальна роль, силові блоки, бути схожим, зиск, вирішальна сила, бідність, поступово зникати, довкілля, стійка ідеологія, робити огляд, вражаючий, наукова праця, мешканці міста, головний IV. Quote the sentences in which the following words and word combinations are used in the text Human lifespan, to be humiliated, disparities of wealth, psychological maturity, power blocks, refugees, boundary, tentative forecasts, to lengthen, to be obsessed, to adjust oneself, to review, to be embedded, to resemble, environment, consumerism V. Give a summary of the text. VI. Complete these sentences. Use active words and word combinations. 1. We should protect the … . 2. There was a rigid… in the Soviet Union. 3. You will not be able to reach … maturity soon, you are very young. 4. Our … are making … forecasts. 5. There were several …blocks during the WWI. 6. Our task is to … the future. 7. … have different standard of living thаn countrymen. 8. It is a very expensive car, I can not … it. 9. You may get … from this transaction. 10. Our government is trying to do away with … . VII. Translate into English. 1. Мешканці міста мають більш стрімкий темп життя, ніж люди, які живуть в селі. 2. Ви не зможете знайти однаковість в цих предметах. 3. Експериментальні дослідження допомагають визначити вченим курс подальшої роботи. 4. Ми повинні постійно турбуватися про стан довкілля, бо від цього залежить здоров’я людей. 5. Ви повинні зробити огляд прочитаної наукової статті. 6. Він повинен був довести до кінця свою роботу. 7. Дуже складно надати нову форму майбутньому не докладаючи зусиль. 8. Щоб дозволити собі коштовні речі, треба багато працювати. 9. Ти не отримаєш ніякого зиску від цієї роботи. 10. Нерівність багатств завжди буде створювати суперечки між людьми. 11. Стійка ідеологія іноді застосовується для маніпулювання людьми. 12. Наприкінці минулого століття відбулися великі зміни в усіх сферах людського життя. Speaking Useful Words and Expressions
Questions Answer the following questions. 1. Our society has certainly changed in the past few years. For better or for worse? Give your reasons. 2. How comfortable are you in the modern society? What changes do you like? 3. Is there anything about modern society that you dislike or even hate? If so, why? 4. Some people find modern society cruel and unfair? What about you? 5. What's your idea of a fair society? 6. What would you name as a scourge of modern society? (drugs, terrorism, AIDS, etc.) 7. What do you think could help make our society better? 8. If you had a chance to travel back in time, what century would you choose? Why? SOCIAL ENGLISH Invitations Dialogue - Would you like to have a party at the weekend? - Oh, I can't, I'm afraid. I've got other plans. - That's a pity. - How about next weekend? I think, I'll be free then. - Next weekend? It's all right with me. - Perfect! Exercise 1. Match a line in A with a line in B.
Accepting Invitations I'd love to! Yes, what time? Perfect/great! It's all right with me. Settled. Refusing Invitations Thanks, but I can't (I'm afraid). Oh, what a pity/shame! I'm sorry, but I've got other plans. I'd love to, but I'm busy. How about ...? Another time perhaps. Exercise 2. Complete the following dialogue. - Have you got any plans for this evening? - ___ - Oh, that's a pity. Another time perhaps. - ___ - Sunday? Yes, all right. - ___ Гагіна Н.В., Колейчик О.О., Пермінова В.А., Сікалюк А.І., Смущенко І.А., Шендерук О.Б. Англійська мова Методичні вказівки для практичних занять на І-ІІ курсі економічних спеціальностей Технічний редактор: Гладченко О.О. Комп’ютерний набір: Бараненкова Н.А. Комп’ютерна верстка: Бараненкова Н.А.,Гладченко О.О. Мовне редагування: Пермінова В.А. Коректура: Бараненкова Н.А., Гладченко О.О. Набір комп’ютерний. Здано до набору 26.09.2009 р. Підписано до друку 27.09.2006 р. Формат 60х84/16. Папір офсетний № 1. Друк офсетний. Умовн. друк. арк. 15,13. Умовн. фарбо-відб. 15,13. Обл.-вид. арк. 11,55. Тираж 250. Зам. № 098/2006. Державний інститут економіки і управління, 14003, м. Чернігів, вул. Стрілецька, 1. |