- Reported statements: with tense changes If the reporting verb is in the Past Tense, the tense in the reported statement is changed. "Im writing
- Past Simple or Past Perfect
- must or had to (=necessity in the past) she must/had to find it out. must
- mustnt or couldnt
- Reported statements: other changes
- Reported questions: general and alternative questions
- Reported questions: special questions
Unit 1 hello! Focus on Use of English Grammar
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If the reported words are 'always true' (e.g. a theory, belief or general truth), there is no change. George said, "Doctors don't like to upset their patients." => Georse said doctors don't like to upset their patients. If we report something that is still true now, we sometimes use the same tense as the speaker. "I live in Moscow." => She told me that she lives in Moscow. NOTE: But even when something is still true, we often change the tense in reported speech She told me that she lived in Moscow. Pronouns and possessive adjectives often change in reported statements. Chuck has just said, "I am on holiday with my friend." Chucks has just said he was on holiday with his friend. Exercise 18. Write these sentences in indirect speech using the words given. Change the pronouns where necessary. Example: "We haven't had anything to eat." (The children say) The children say (that) they haven't had anything to eat. 1. "I haven't got any money." (He'll tell you) 2. "The plane will land in twenty minutes." (The pilot has just announced) 3. "I don't know how much it costs." (She says) 4. "We've never been to Saudi Arabia." (They say) 5. "There are no tickets left for tonight's performance." (The booking office says) Reported statements: with tense changes If the reporting verb is in the Past Tense, the tense in the reported statement is changed. "I'm writing a letter." => She said she was writing a letter. "I want to go home." => He said he wanted to go home. In complex sentences, only the first verb is changed "I was walking home when I saw the accident." Sam said he had been walking home when he saw the accident.
Exercise 19. Write these sentences in indirect speech. Example: "The car isn't at my house," he said. → He said that the car wasn't at his house. 1. "I can't speak any French," he said. 2. "I'm trying to do my homework," she said. 3. "I haven't been waiting long," she said. 4. "I'll have done it by then," he said. 5. "I'll be working all day," he said. 6. "I must go home to make the dinner," she said. 7. "I see Liz quite often," he said. 8. "I've been with the company for most of my life," she said. Reported statements: other changes In indirect speech the following words need to be changed when you report them
Exercise 20. Write these sentences in indirect speech changing words where necessary. Example: "I'll see you tomorrow," Sarah said. Sarah said she would see me the next day. 1. "I can see you tomorrow," he told me. 2. "We're leaving this afternoon," they said. 3. "I saw him today," Christine said. 4. "I'll see my parents the day after tomorrow," Sue told her friend. 5. "We went to the theatre last weekend," they said. 6. "The wedding will take place next Friday," they told us. 7. "I dreamed of you last night," he said. Reported questions: general and alternative questions Tenses, adjectives, pronouns, etc. in reported questions change in the same way as in reported statements. She asked if/whether I was comfortable.
Reported questions: special questions
Exercise 21. Write these general and alternative questions in indirect speech, using the given words. Make all the necessary changes. Example: "Do you want a drink?". He asked me if I wanted a drink. 1. "Did you study hard for the exam?" My friend wanted to know __. 2. "Do you like Chinese or Korean food?" He asked me __. 3. "Are you cold?" She asked me __. 4. "Was Tony enjoying himself?" We wanted to know __. 5. "Will they have done the job by the time I get back?" She asked ___. 6. "Will you be seeing John at the meeting tomorrow?" She asked ___. 7. "Is she there?" I wondered __. Exercise 22. Write these special questions in indirect speech, using the given words. Make all the necessary changes. Example: "What time does the train arrive?" He asked what time the train arrived. 1. "What time did you get home?" My parents asked __. 2. "Why won't you let me in?" I asked __. 3. "Whose composition haven't you heard yet?" She asked ___. 4. "Which films have won prizes for exports?" They asked ___. 5. "Why is Maria crying?" We wondered __. 6. "What have you been doing all this time?" He wondered __. 8. "Which of you is waiting to see me next?" The doctor asked __. |